Sherlock Holmes in a 1904 illustration byFirst appearanceCreated byInformationGenderMaleOccupationConsulting detectiveFamily(brother)NationalityBritishSherlock Holmes ( or ) is a fictional created by British author. Referring to himself as a 'consulting detective' in the stories, Holmes is known for his proficiency with observation, deduction, and that borders on the fantastic, which he employs when investigating cases for a wide variety of clients, including.First appearing in print in 1887's, the character's popularity became widespread with the first series of short stories in, beginning with ' in 1891; additional tales appeared from then until 1927, eventually totalling. All but one are set in the or eras, between about 1880 and 1914. Most are narrated by the character of Holmes's friend and biographer, who usually accompanies Holmes during his investigations and often shares quarters with him at the address of, London, where many of the stories begin.Though not the first fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes is arguably the best known. By the 1990s there were already over 25,000 stage adaptations, films, television productions and publications featuring the detective, and lists him as the most portrayed literary human character in film and television history.

Holmes's popularity and fame are such that many have believed him to be not a fictional character but a real individual; numerous literary and fan societies have been founded on. Avid readers of the Holmes stories helped create the modern practice of. The character and stories have had a profound and lasting effect on and as a whole, with the original tales as well as thousands being into stage and radio plays, television, films, video games, and other media for over one hundred years.

(1859–1930), Sherlock Holmes's creator, in 1914's is generally acknowledged as the first detective in fiction and served as the prototype for many later characters, including Holmes. Conan Doyle once wrote, 'Each of Poe's detective stories is a root from which a whole literature has developed. Where was the detective story until Poe breathed the breath of life into it?' Similarly, the stories of 's were extremely popular at the time Conan Doyle began writing Holmes, and Holmes's speech and behaviour sometimes follow that of Lecoq.

Discover here the answer of CodyCross Sherlock Holmes' nemesis English Version. I have found all the answers of the game and sharing them with you. All the available groups have been solved and all you have to do is to read the answers in this subject. Answers for SHERLOCK HOLMES' NEMESIS. Answers This page will help you find all of CodyCross Answers of All the Levels.

Holmes and Watson discuss Dupin and Lecoq near the beginning of A Study in Scarlet.Conan Doyle repeatedly said that Holmes was inspired by the real-life figure of, a surgeon at the, whom Conan Doyle met in 1877 and had worked for as a clerk. Like Holmes, Bell was noted for drawing broad conclusions from minute observations. However, he later wrote to Conan Doyle: 'You are yourself Sherlock Holmes and well you know it'. Sir, Chair of at the, is also cited as an inspiration for Holmes. Littlejohn, who was also Police Surgeon and Medical Officer of Health in Edinburgh, provided Conan Doyle with a link between medical investigation and the detection of crime.Other possible inspirations have been proposed, though never acknowledged by Doyle, such as Maximilien Heller, by French author Henry Cauvain.

In this 1871 novel (sixteen years before the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes), Henry Cauvain imagined a depressed, anti-social, opium-smoking detective, operating in Paris. It is not known if Conan Doyle read the novel, but he was fluent in French. Similarly, suggested that a German self-styled 'consulting detective' named Walter Scherer may have been the model for Holmes. Fictional character biography Family and early life. The cover page of the 1887 edition of, which contains Holmes's first appearance ( )Details of Sherlock Holmes's life in Conan Doyle's stories are scarce and often vague. Nevertheless, mentions of his early life and extended family paint a loose biographical picture of the detective.A statement of Holmes's age in ' places his year of birth at 1854; the story, set in August 1914, describes him as sixty years of age. His parents are not mentioned, although Holmes mentions that his 'ancestors' were 'country '.

In ', he claims that his grandmother was sister to the French artist Vernet, without clarifying whether this was,. Holmes's brother, seven years his senior, is a government official. Mycroft has a unique position as a kind of human database for all aspects of government policy. Sherlock describes his brother as the more intelligent of the two, but notes that Mycroft lacks any interest in physical investigation, preferring to spend his time at the.Holmes says that he first developed his methods of deduction as an undergraduate; his earliest cases, which he pursued as an amateur, came from fellow university students. A meeting with a classmate's father led him to adopt detection as a profession. Life with Watson. Holmes and Watson in a illustration for 'Financial difficulties lead Holmes and to share rooms together at, London.

Their residence is maintained by their landlady,. Holmes works as a detective for twenty-three years, with Watson assisting him for seventeen of those years. Most of the stories are written from Watson's point of view, as summaries of the detective's most interesting cases. Holmes frequently calls Watson's records of Holmes's cases sensational and populist, suggesting that they fail to accurately and objectively report the 'science' of his craft:Detection is, or ought to be, an exact science and should be treated in the same cold and unemotional manner. You have attempted to tinge it A Study in Scarlet with romanticism, which produces much the same effect as if you worked a love-story or an elopement into the fifth proposition of. Some facts should be suppressed, or, at least, a just sense of proportion should be observed in treating them. The only point in the case which deserved mention was the curious analytical reasoning from effects to causes, by which I succeeded in unravelling it.Nevertheless, Holmes's friendship with Watson is his most significant relationship.

When Watson is injured by a bullet, although the wound turns out to be 'quite superficial', Watson is moved by Holmes's reaction:It was worth a wound; it was worth many wounds; to know the depth of loyalty and love which lay behind that cold mask. The clear, hard eyes were dimmed for a moment, and the firm lips were shaking. For the one and only time I caught a glimpse of a great heart as well as of a great brain. All my years of humble but single-minded service culminated in that moment of revelation. PracticeHolmes's clients vary from the most powerful monarchs and governments of Europe, to wealthy and, to impoverished. He is known only in select professional circles at the beginning of the first story, but is already collaborating with Scotland Yard.

However, his continued work and the publication of Watson's stories raises Holmes's profile, and he rapidly becomes well known as a detective; so many clients ask for his help instead of (or in addition to) that of the police that, Watson writes, by 1895 Holmes has 'an immense practice'. Police outside London ask Holmes for assistance if he is nearby. A and the visit 221B Baker Street in person to request Holmes's assistance; the awards him its for solving a case; the King of Scandinavia is a client; and he aids the at least twice. The detective acts on behalf of the British government in matters of national security several times, and declines a 'for services which may perhaps some day be described'. However, he does not actively seek fame and is usually content to let the police take public credit for his work. The Great Hiatus. Holmes and Moriarty struggle at the; drawing by Sidney PagetThe first set of Holmes stories was published between 1887 and 1893.

Conan Doyle killed off Holmes in a final battle with the criminal mastermind in ' (published 1893, but set in 1891), as Conan Doyle felt that 'my literary energies should not be directed too much into one channel.' Legend has it that Londoners were so distraught upon hearing the news of Holmes's death that they wore black armbands in mourning, though there is no known contemporary source for this; the earliest known reference to such events comes from 1949. However, the recorded public reaction to Holmes's death was unlike anything previously seen for fictional events.After resisting public pressure for eight years, Conan Doyle wrote (serialised in 1901–02, with an implicit setting before Holmes's death). In 1903, Conan Doyle wrote '; set in 1894, Holmes reappears, explaining to a stunned Watson that he had faked his death to fool his enemies. Following 'The Adventure of the Empty House', Conan Doyle would sporadically write new Holmes stories until 1927. Sherlock Holmes inHolmes aficionados refer to the period from 1891 to 1894—between his disappearance and presumed death in 'The Final Problem' and his reappearance in 'The Adventure of the Empty House'—as the Great Hiatus. The earliest known use of this expression dates to 1946.

RetirementIn His Last Bow, the reader is told that Holmes has retired to a small farm on the and taken up as his primary occupation. The move is not dated precisely, but can be presumed to be no later than 1904 (since it is referred to retrospectively in ', first published that year). The story features Holmes and Watson coming out of retirement to aid the British effort. Only one other adventure, ', takes place during the detective's retirement. Personality and habits. Sidney Paget illustration from 'Watson describes Holmes as ' in his habits and lifestyle. Said to have a 'cat-like' love of personal cleanliness, at the same time Holmes is an with no regard for contemporary standards of tidiness or good order.

Watson describes him asin his personal habits one of the must untidy men that ever drove a fellow-lodger to distraction. He keeps his cigars in the, his tobacco in the toe end of a Persian slipper, and his unanswered correspondence transfixed by a jack-knife into the very centre of his wooden mantelpiece. He had a horror of destroying documents. Thus month after month his papers accumulated, until every corner of the room was stacked with bundles of manuscript which were on no account to be burned, and which could not be put away save by their owner.While Holmes can be dispassionate and cold, during an investigation he is animated and excitable.

He has a flair for showmanship, often keeping his methods and evidence hidden until the last possible moment so as to impress observers). His companion condones the detective's willingness to bend the truth (or break the law) on behalf of a client—lying to the police, concealing evidence or breaking into houses—when he feels it morally justifiable.Except for that of Watson, Holmes avoids casual company. In, he tells the doctor that during two years at college he made only one friend: 'I was never a very sociable fellow, Watson. I never mixed much with the men of my year'.The detective goes without food at times of intense intellectual activity, believing that 'the faculties become refined when you starve them.'

At times Holmes relaxes with music, either playing the violin, or enjoying the works of composers such as. Sidney Paget illustration of Holmes for 'Holmes observes the dress and attitude of his clients and suspects, noting skin marks (such as tattoos), contamination (such as ink stains or clay on boots), emotional state, and physical condition in order to deduce their origins and recent history. The style and state of wear of a person's clothes and personal items are also commonly relied on; in the stories Holmes is seen applying his method to items such as walking sticks, pipes, and hats. For example, in 'A Scandal in Bohemia', Holmes infers that Watson had got wet lately and had 'a most clumsy and careless servant girl'. When Watson asks how Holmes knows this, the detective answers:It is simplicity itself. My eyes tell me that on the inside of your left shoe, just where the firelight strikes it, the leather is scored by six almost parallel cuts.

Obviously they have been caused by someone who has very carelessly scraped round the edges of the sole in order to remove crusted mud from it. Hence, you see, my double deduction that you had been out in vile weather, and that you had a particularly malignant boot-slitting specimen of the London slavey.In the first Holmes story, A Study in Scarlet, Dr. Watson compares Holmes to, Edgar Allan Poe's fictional detective, who employed a similar methodology. Alluding to an episode in ', where Dupin determines what his friend is thinking despite their having walked together in silence for a quarter of an hour, Holmes remarks: 'That trick of his breaking in on his friend's thoughts with an apropos remark.

Is really very showy and superficial'. Nevertheless, Holmes later performs the same 'trick' on Watson in ' and '.Though the stories always refer to Holmes's intellectual detection method as ', he primarily relies on: an explanation for observed details. 'From a drop of water', he writes, 'a logician could infer the possibility of an or a without having seen or heard of one or the other'. However, Holmes does employ deductive reasoning as well. The detective's guiding principle, as he says in The Sign of Four, is: 'When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth'.Despite Holmes's remarkable reasoning abilities, Conan Doyle still paints him as fallible in this regard (this being a central theme of ').

Forensic science. 19th-century Seibert microscopeThough Holmes is famed for his reasoning capabilities, his investigative technique relies heavily on the acquisition of hard evidence.

British Army (Adams) Mark III, which differed from the Mark II in its ejector-rod design PistolsHolmes and Watson often carry pistols with them to confront criminals—in Watson's case, his old service weapon (probably a Mark III, issued to British troops during the 1870s). Holmes and Watson shoot the eponymous hound in The Hound of the Baskervilles, and in 'The Adventure of the Empty House' Watson Colonel. Other weaponsAs a gentleman, Holmes often carries a stick or cane. He is described by Watson as an expert at and uses his cane twice as a weapon. In A Study in Scarlet, Watson describes Holmes as an expert swordsman, and in 'The Gloria Scott' the detective says he practised while at university.

In several stories (', 'The Red-Headed League', ') Holmes wields a, described in the latter story as his 'favourite weapon'. Personal combatThe detective is described (or demonstrated) as possessing above-average physical strength. In 'The Yellow Face', Holmes's chronicler says, 'Few men were capable of greater muscular effort.' In 'The Adventure of the Speckled Band', Dr. Roylott demonstrates his strength by bending a fire poker in half.

Watson describes Holmes as laughing, 'if he had remained I might have shown him that my grip was not much more feeble than his own.' As he spoke he picked up the steel poker and, with a sudden effort, straightened it out again.'

Holmes is an adept fighter; 'The Gloria Scott' mentions that Holmes boxed while at university. In The Sign of Four, he introduces himself to McMurdo, a, as 'the who fought three rounds with you at Alison's rooms on the night of your benefit four years back.' McMurdo remembers: 'Ah, you're one that has wasted your gifts, you have!

You might have aimed high if you had joined the fancy.' In 'The Yellow Face', Watson says: 'He was undoubtedly one of the finest boxers of his weight that I have ever seen'.In 'The Adventure of the Empty House', Holmes tells Watson that he used a known as to fling Moriarty to his death in the. 'Baritsu' is Conan Doyle's version of, which combines with boxing. Reception PopularityThe first two Sherlock Holmes stories, the novels (1887) and (1890), were moderately well received, but Holmes first became widely popular early in 1891, when the first six short stories featuring the character were published in. Holmes became very popular in Britain and America. The character was so popular that in 1893, when Arthur Conan Doyle killed off Holmes in the short story ', the strongly negative response from readers was unlike any previous public reaction to a fictional event. The Strand reportedly lost more than 20,000 subscribers as a result of Holmes's death.

Public pressure eventually contributed to Conan Doyle writing another Holmes story in 1901 and resurrecting the character in a story published in 1903.Many fans of Sherlock Holmes have written letters to Holmes's address,. Though the address 221B Baker Street did not exist when the stories were first published, letters began arriving to the large building which first encompassed that address almost as soon as it was built in 1932. Fans continue to send letters to Sherlock Holmes; these letters are now delivered to the. Some of the people who have sent letters to 221B Baker Street believe Holmes is real. Members of the general public have also believed Holmes actually existed.

In a 2008 survey of British teenagers, 58 percent of respondents believed that Sherlock Holmes was a real individual.The Sherlock Holmes stories continue to be widely read. Holmes's continuing popularity has led to many reimaginings of the character in adaptations. Guinness World Records, which awarded Sherlock Holmes the title for 'most portrayed literary human character in film & TV' in 2012, released a statement saying that the title 'reflects his enduring appeal and demonstrates that his detective talents are as compelling today as they were 125 years ago.'

Near, LondonThe London named one of its twenty deployed in the 1920s for Sherlock Holmes. He was the only fictional character so honoured, along with eminent Britons such as, and.A number of London streets are associated with Holmes.

York Mews South, off Crawford Street, was renamed Sherlock Mews, and Watson's Mews is near Crawford Place. In 1999, a by sculptor was unveiled outside, London, near the fictional detective's address, 221B Baker Street.In 2002, the bestowed an honorary fellowship on Holmes for his use of forensic science and analytical chemistry in popular literature, making him (as of 2019) the only fictional character thus honoured. Main article:In 1934, the Sherlock Holmes Society (in London) and the (in New York) were founded. Both are still active, although the Sherlock Holmes Society was dissolved in 1937 and revived in 1951. These two societies were followed by many more, first in the U.S. (where they are known as 'scion societies'—offshoots—of the Baker Street Irregulars) and then in England and Denmark. There are at least 250 societies worldwide, including Australia, Canada , India, and Japan (whose society has 80,000 members).

Fans tend to be called 'Holmesians' in the U.K. And 'Sherlockians' in the U.S., though recently 'Sherlockian' has also come to refer to fans of the regardless of location. Legacy The detective story. Conan Doyle's 56 short stories and four novels are known as the ' by Holmes aficionados. The Great Game (also known as the Holmesian Game, the Sherlockian Game, or simply the Game) applies the methods of literary criticism to the canon, but also operates on the pretense that Holmes and Watson were real people (and that Conan Doyle was not the author of the stories but Watson's ). From this basis, it attempts to resolve or explain away contradictions in the canon—such as the location of Watson's war wound, described as being in his shoulder in A Study in Scarlet and in his leg in The Sign of Four—and clarify details about Holmes, Watson and their world, combining historical research with references from the stories to construct scholarly analyses.For example, one detail analyzed in the Game is Holmes's birth date. The chronology of the stories is notoriously difficult, with many stories lacking dates and many others containing contradictory ones.

And contend that the detective was born on 6 January 1854, the year being derived from the statement in 'His Last Bow' that he was 60 years of age in 1914, while the precise day is derived from broader, non-canonical speculation. This is the date the Baker Street Irregulars work from, with their annual dinner being held each January. Instead argues that details in 'The Gloria Scott' (a story with no precise internal date) indicate that Holmes finished his second (and final) year of university in 1880 or 1885. If he began university at age 17, his birth year could be as late as 1868. Museums and special collectionsFor the 1951, Holmes's was reconstructed as part of a Sherlock Holmes exhibition, with a collection of original material.

After the festival, items were transferred to (a London pub) and the Conan Doyle collection housed in, Switzerland by the author's son,. Both exhibitions, each with a Baker Street sitting-room reconstruction, are open to the public.In 1969, the began a collection of materials related to Conan Doyle. Stored today in Room 221B, this vast collection is accessible to the public. Similarly, in 1974 the founded a collection that is now 'the world’s largest gathering of material related to Sherlock Holmes and his creator'. Access is closed to the general public, but is occasionally open to tours.In 1990, the opened on Baker Street in London, followed the next year by a museum in (near the Reichenbach Falls) dedicated to the detective. A private Conan Doyle collection is a permanent exhibit at the, where the author lived and worked as a physician.

Adaptations and derived worksThe popularity of Sherlock Holmes has meant that many writers other than Arthur Conan Doyle have created tales of the detective in a wide variety of different media, with varying degrees of fidelity to the original characters, stories, and setting. The first known period dates from 1893. Titled 'The Late Sherlock Holmes', it was written by Conan Doyle's close friend,.Adaptations have seen the character taken in radically different directions or placed in different times or even universes. For example, Holmes falls in love and marries in 's series, is re-animated after his death to fight future crime in the animated series, and is meshed with the setting of 's in 's ' (which won the 2004 for Best Short Story). An especially influential pastiche was 's, a 1974 bestselling novel (made into the 1976 ) in which Holmes's cocaine addiction has progressed to the point of endangering his career. It served to popularize the trend of incorporating clearly identified and contemporaneous historical figures (such as, or ) into Holmesian pastiches, something Conan Doyle himself never did. Another common pastiche approach is to create a new story fully detailing an otherwise-passing canonical reference (such as an aside by Conan Doyle mentioning the ', a story for which the world is not yet prepared' in ').

Related and derivative writings. 1904 illustration of 'The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton'In addition to the, Conan Doyle's 1898 ' features an unnamed 'amateur reasoner' intended to be identified as Holmes by his readers. The author's explanation of a baffling disappearance argued in Holmesian style poked fun at his own creation.

Similar Conan Doyle short stories are ', 'The Man with the Watches', and 1924's ', a of the Watson–Holmes breakfast-table scenes. The author wrote other material featuring Holmes, especially plays: 1899's (with ), 1910's, and 1921's The Crown Diamond (the basis for '). These non-canonical works have been collected in several works released since Conan Doyle's death.In terms of writers other than Conan Doyle, authors as diverse as, and have all written Sherlock Holmes pastiches.

Contemporary with Conan Doyle, directly featured Holmes in his popular series about the, though legal objections from Conan Doyle forced Leblanc to modify the name to 'Herlock Sholmes' in reprints. Famed American mystery writer collaborated with Arthur Conan Doyle's son, on, a pastiche collection from 1954. In 2011, published a Sherlock Holmes novel, presented as a continuation of Conan Doyle's work and with the approval of the Conan Doyle estate; a follow-up, appeared in 2014. The 'MX Book of New Sherlock Holmes Stories' series of pastiches, edited by David Marcum and published by MX Publishing, has reached over a dozen volumes and features hundreds of stories echoing the original canon which were compiled for the restoration of and the support of Stepping Stones School, now housed in it.Some authors have written tales centred on characters from the canon other than Holmes. Anthologies edited by and are entirely devoted to stories told from the perspective of characters other than Holmes and Watson., Michael Kurland, and, amongst many others, have all written tales in which Holmes's nemesis is the main character. Has been the subject of several efforts: Enter the Lion by and Sean M.

Wright (1979), a four-book series by, and 2015's, by and Anna Waterhouse. Has written a series of seventeen books using as the central character, beginning with The Adventures of Inspector Lestrade in 1985. ' Irene Adler series is based on 'the woman' from 'A Scandal in Bohemia', with the first book (1990's Good Night, Mr. Holmes) retelling that story from Adler's point of view. Has written three novels where Baker Street housekeeper is the protagonist.recreated Holmes in her series (beginning with 1994's ), set during the First World War and the 1920s. Her Holmes, semi-retired in Sussex, is stumbled upon by a teenaged American girl.

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Recognising a kindred spirit, he trains her as his apprentice and subsequently marries her. As of 2018, the series includes sixteen base novels and additional writings., a 2004 novella by, concerns an unnamed but long-retired detective interested in who tackles the case of a missing parrot belonging to a Jewish refugee boy. 's novel (2005) takes place two years after the end of the, and explores an old and frail Sherlock Holmes (now 93) as he comes to terms with a life spent in emotionless logic; this was also adapted into a film, 2015's.There have been a host of scholarly works dealing with Sherlock Holmes, some working within the bounds of the Great Game, and some written with the understanding that Holmes is a fictional character. In particular, there have been three major annotated editions of the complete series. The first was William Baring-Gould's 1967 The Annotated Sherlock Holmes.

This two-volume set was ordered to fit Baring-Gould's preferred chronology, and was written from a Great Game perspective. The second was 1993's The Oxford Sherlock Holmes (general editor: ), a nine-volume set written in a straight scholarly manner.

The most recent is (2004–05), a three-volume set that returns to a Great Game perspective. Adaptations in other media. Poster for the 1899 play by Conan Doyle and actor William Gillettehas listed Holmes as the most portrayed literary human character in film and television history, with more than 75 actors playing the part in over 250 productions.The 1899 play, by Conan Doyle and, was a synthesis of several Conan Doyle stories. In addition to its popularity, the play is significant because it, rather than the original stories, introduced one of the key visual qualities commonly associated with Holmes today: his; the play also formed the basis for Gillette's 1916 film,. Gillette performed as Holmes some 1,300 times. In the early 1900s, took over the role from Gillette for a tour of the play. Between this play and Conan Doyle's own stage adaptation of ', Saintsbury portrayed Holmes over 1,000 times.

As HolmesHolmes's first screen appearance was in the 1900 film,. From 1921 to 1923, played Holmes in (45 shorts and two features), in a series of performances that Conan Doyle spoke highly of. 1929's was the first sound title to feature Holmes.

From 1939 to 1946, played Holmes and played Watson in (two for and a dozen for ) and in radio show. While the Fox films were period pieces, the Universal films abandoned Victorian Britain and moved to a then-contemporary setting in which Holmes occasionally battled.The 1984–85 Italian/Japanese series adapted the Holmes stories for children, with its characters being. The series was co-directed by.Between 1979 and 1986, the studio produced a series of five television films,.

The series were split into eleven episodes and starred as Holmes and as Watson. For his performance, in 2006 Livanov was appointed an Honorary Member of the. As Holmes in the TV series (1984)played the detective in for Britain's from 1984 to 1994. Watson was played by (in the first two series) and (in the remainder). Brett and Hardwicke also appeared on stage in 1988–89 in The Secret of Sherlock Holmes, directed by.penned starring as Holmes and / as Watson, based on throwaway references in Conan Doyle's short stories and novels. Coules had previously dramatised the entire Holmes canon for.The 2009 film earned a for his portrayal of Holmes and co-starred as Watson.

Downey and Law returned for a 2011 sequel,. In March 2019 a release date of 21 December 2021 was set for the third film in the series. As Holmes inplays a modern version of the detective (with as John Watson) in the TV series, which premiered in 2010. In the series, created by and, the stories' original setting is replaced by present-day London.Similarly, premiered on in 2012, and ran until for seven seasons, until 2019.

Set in contemporary New York, the series featured as Sherlock Holmes and as a female Dr. With 24 episodes per season, by the end of season two Miller became the actor who had portrayed Sherlock Holmes the most in television and/or film.The 2015 film starred as a retired Sherlock Holmes living in Sussex, in 1947, who grapples with an unsolved case involving a beautiful woman. The film is based on 's 2005 novel.The 2018 television adaptation, is a Japanese-language production, and the first adaptation with a woman (portrayed by ) in the signature role. The episodes are based in modern-day Tokyo, with many references to Conan Doyle's stories.Holmes has also appeared in video games, including the series of eight main titles. According to the publisher, the series has sold over seven million copies.

Copyright issuesThe copyright for Conan Doyle's works expired in the United Kingdom and Canada at the end of 1980, was revived in 1996 and expired again at the end of 2000. The author's works are now in the in those countries.In the United States, for many years all works published before 1923 are in the public domain, but as ten Holmes stories were published after that date, the Conan Doyle estate maintained that the Holmes and Watson characters as a whole were still under copyright.

On 14 February 2013, (lawyer and editor of The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes) filed a suit against the Conan Doyle estate asking the court to acknowledge that the characters of Holmes and Watson were public domain in the U.S. The court ruled in Klinger's favour on 23 December, and the affirmed its decision on 16 June 2014. The case was appealed to the, which declined to hear the case, letting the appeals court's ruling stand. This resulted in the characters from the Holmes stories, along with all but ten of the stories themselves, being in the public domain in the U.S. The stories still under copyright due to the ruling, as of that time, were those collected in other than 'The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone' and '. The remaining ten Holmes stories were to enter the U.S. Public domain between 1 January 2019 and 1 January 2023; since then, four of those ten have done so.

Main article: Novels. (published November 1887 in ).

(published February 1890 in ). (serialised 1901–1902 in ). (serialised 1914–1915 in The Strand)Short story collectionsThe short stories, originally published in magazines, were later collected in five anthologies:. (stories published 1891–1892 in The Strand). (stories published 1892–1893 in The Strand). (stories published 1903–1904 in The Strand).: Some Later Reminiscences of Sherlock Holmes (stories published 1908–1917).

(stories published 1921–1927)See also.